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二维数组初始化的方法

更新时间:2022-11-25 10:04:59 来源:动力节点 浏览394次

在 Java 中初始化二维数组的不同方法:

data_type[][] array_Name = new data_type[no_of_rows][no_of_columns];

任何二维数组中的元素总数将等于 (no_of_rows) * (no_of_columns)。

no_of_rows:数组中的行数。例如 no_of_rows = 3,则数组将有三行。

no_of_columns:数组中的列数。例如 no_of_columns = 4,则数组将有四列。

上面的数组初始化语法会根据指定的数据类型为所有数组元素赋默认值。

下面是初始化二维数组的各种方法的实现:

方法一:

// java program to initialize a 2D array
import java.io.*;
class GFG {
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// Declaration along with initialization
		// 2D integer array with 5 rows and 3 columns
		// integer array elements are initialized with 0
		int[][] integer2DArray = new int[5][3];
		System.out.println(
			"Default value of int array element: "
			+ integer2DArray[0][0]);
		// 2D String array with 4 rows and 4 columns
		// String array elements are initialized with null
		String[][] string2DArray = new String[4][4];
		System.out.println(
			"Default value of String array element: "
			+ string2DArray[0][0]);
		// 2D boolean array with 3 rows and 5 columns
		// boolean array elements are initialized with false
		boolean[][] boolean2DArray = new boolean[4][4];
		System.out.println(
			"Default value of boolean array element: "
			+ boolean2DArray[0][0]);
		// 2D char array with 10 rows and 10 columns
		// char array elements are initialized with
		// '\u0000'(null character)
		char[][] char2DArray = new char[10][10];
		System.out.println(
			"Default value of char array element: "
			+ char2DArray[0][0]);
		// First declaration and then initialization
		int[][] arr; // declaration
		// System.out.println("arr[0][0]: "+ arr[0][0]);
		// The above line will throw an error, as we have
		// only declared the 2D array, but not initialized
		// it.
		arr = new int[5][3]; // initialization
		System.out.println("arr[0][0]: " + arr[0][0]);
	}
}

注意:初始化二维数组时,必须始终指定第一个维度(行数),但可以省略提供第二个维度(列数)。

在下面的代码片段中,我们没有指定列数。然而,Java 编译器足够聪明,可以通过检查列内元素的数量来操纵大小。

import java.io.*;
class GFG {
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// The line below will throw an error, as the first
		// dimension(no. of rows) is not specified
		int[][] arr = new int[][3];
		// The line below will execute without any error, as
		// the first dimension(no. of rows) is specified
		int[][] arr = new int[2][];
	}
}

您可以使用行号和列号访问二维数组的任何元素。

方法二:

在下面的代码片段中,我们没有指定行数和列数。然而,Java 编译器足够聪明,可以通过检查行和列中元素的数量来操纵大小。

import java.io.*;
class GFG {
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		String[][] subjects = {
			{ "Data Structures & Algorithms",
			"Programming & Logic", "Software Engineering",
			"Theory of Computation" },					 // row 1
			{ "Thermodynamics", "Metallurgy",
			"Machine Drawing",
			"Fluid Mechanics" },							 // row2
			{ "Signals and Systems", "Digital Electronics",
			"Power Electronics" }						 // row3
		};
		System.out.println(
			"Fundamental Subject in Computer Engineering: "
			+ subjects[0][0]);
		System.out.println(
			"Fundamental Subject in Mechanical Engineering: "
			+ subjects[1][3]);
		System.out.println(
			"Fundamental Subject in Electronics Engineering: "
			+ subjects[2][1]);
	}
}

输出

计算机工程基础学科:数据结构与算法
机械工程基础学科:流体力学
电子工程基础学科:数字电子学

方法三:

此外,我们可以分别初始化数组的每个元素。请看下面的代码片段:

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class GFG {
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		int[][] scores = new int[2][2];
		// Initializing array element at position[0][0],
		// i.e. 0th row and 0th column
		scores[0][0] = 15;
		// Initializing array element at position[0][1],
		// i.e. 0th row and 1st column
		scores[0][1] = 23;
		// Initializing array element at position[1][0],
		// i.e. 1st row and 0th column
		scores[1][0] = 30;
		// Initializing array element at position[1][1],
		// i.e. 1st row and 1st column
		scores[1][1] = 21;
		// printing the array elements individually
		System.out.println("scores[0][0] = "
						+ scores[0][0]);
		System.out.println("scores[0][1] = "
						+ scores[0][1]);
		System.out.println("scores[1][0] = "
						+ scores[1][0]);
		System.out.println("scores[1][1] = "
						+ scores[1][1]);
		// printing 2D array using Arrays.deepToString() method
		System.out.println(
			"Printing 2D array using Arrays.deepToString() method: ");
		System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(scores));
	}
}

输出

分数[0][0] = 15
分数[0][1] = 23
分数[1][0] = 30
分数[1][1] = 21
使用 Arrays.deepToString() 方法打印二维数组:
[[15, 23], [30, 21]]

方法四

如果二维数组的大小太大,使用上述方法进行数组初始化将是一项繁琐的任务。在大型二维数组的情况下,有效的方法是使用 for 循环来初始化数组元素。

import java.io.*;
class GFG {
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		int rows = 80, columns = 5;
		int[][] marks = new int[rows][columns];
		// initializing the array elements using for loop
		for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
				marks[i][j] = i + j;
			}
		}
		// printing the first three rows of marks array
		System.out.println("First three rows are: ");
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
				System.out.printf(marks[i][j] + " ");
			}
			System.out.println();
		}
	}
}

输出

前三行是:
0 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5 6

注意:我们可以使用 arr. length 函数用于查找行的大小(第一维),arr[0].length 函数用于查找列的大小(第二维)。

方法 5:(锯齿状数组)

在某些情况下,您可能希望每一行都有不同数量的列。这种类型的数组称为Jagged Array。

import java.io.*;
class GFG {
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declaring a 2D array with 2 rows
		int jagged[][] = new int[2][];
		// not specifying the 2nd dimension,
		// and making it as jagged array
		// first row has 2 columns
		jagged[0] = new int[2];
		// second row has 4 columns
		jagged[1] = new int[4];
		// Initializing the array
		int count = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < jagged.length; i++) {
			// remember to use jagged[i].length instead of
			// jagged[0].length, since every row has
			// different number of columns
			for (int j = 0; j < jagged[i].length; j++) {
				jagged[i][j] = count++;
			}
		}
		// printing the values of 2D Jagged array
		System.out.println("The values of 2D jagged array");
		for (int i = 0; i < jagged.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < jagged[i].length; j++)
				System.out.printf(jagged[i][j] + " ");
			System.out.println();
		}
	}
}

输出

二维交错数组的值
0 1
2 3 4 5

添加两个二维数组的程序:

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class GFG {
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		int[][] arr1 = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
		int[][] arr2 = { { 4, 5, 6 }, { 1, 3, 2 } };
		int[][] sum = new int[2][3];
		// adding two 2D arrays element-wise
		for (int i = 0; i < arr1.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < arr1[0].length; j++) {
				sum[i][j] = arr1[i][j] + arr2[i][j];
			}
		}		
		System.out.println("Resultant 2D array: ");
		for (int i = 0; i < sum.length; i++) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(sum[i]));
		}
	}
}

输出

结果二维数组:
[5, 7, 9]
[5, 8, 8]

 

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